Which outcome is associated with properly resolving the autonomy vs. shame and doubt stage according to Erikson?

Resolving the autonomy vs. shame and doubt stage successfully leads to the development of self-esteem and independence. During this critical stage, typically occurring in toddlers, children begin to assert their independence by making choices and experiencing control over their environment. When caregivers provide supportive, encouraging feedback while allowing the child to explore and make their own decisions, the child develops a sense of autonomy. This sense of independence fosters self-esteem and confidence, as they learn to trust their abilities and themselves.

In contrast, if a child is overly controlled or ridiculed for their attempts at independence, they may develop feelings of shame and doubt about their capabilities. This could lead to issues in self-esteem and hinder the development of a healthy, independent identity. Thus, a successful resolution positively impacts the child's emotional and psychological growth.