What cognitive process does 'planning' refer to in the PASS model?

In the PASS model, 'planning' refers to the cognitive process of organizing thoughts for complex tasks. This involves higher-level executive functions that allow individuals to set goals, formulate strategies, and anticipate potential obstacles, leading to effective problem-solving and decision-making. When a person engages in planning, they analyze information, weigh options, and structure their approach to executing tasks, which is essential for academic success and daily functioning.

The focus on planning as an organizing mechanism underscores its role in managing cognitive resources and ensuring that tasks are approached methodically and efficiently. By honing this skill, individuals can enhance their ability to tackle multi-step projects, anticipate future needs, and track their progress, which is crucial in both educational settings and everyday life.